Question 1

Microorganisms can be identified from a patient sample using biochemical tests based on the premise that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   organisms have a unique combination of metabolic enzymes that are displayed when color-changing dyes are utilized to demonstrate their physiological response to specific substrates
B)   organisms display specific antigens that can be bound by color-changing antibodies that allow the clinician to locate and identify the pathogen
C)   organisms will not grow on certain media types and can be selected for on others
D)   bacteriophages infect certain bacterial cells and the specificity can be used to identify the organismE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

FISH and microarrays both use probes to hybridize to sequences of the pathogen genome. They differ in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   FISH involves adding fluorescently labeled probes directly to a patient's sample, whereas microarrays involve the attachment of thousands of potential gene sequences from pathogens to an absorbent plate and adding DNA from the patient's sample to it, allowing matching sequences to hybridize
B)   microarrays involve adding fluorescently labeled probes directly to a patient's sample, whereas FISH involves the attachment of thousands of potential gene sequences from pathogens to an absorbent plate and adding DNA from the patient's sample to it, allowing matching sequences to hybridize
C)   FISH involves scanning and analyzing the pathogen genome multiple times, whereas microarrays involve separating DNA samples into fragments using restriction enzymes, then exposing the fragments to varying voltage levels from three different directions
D)   microarrays involve scanning and analyzing the pathogen genome multiple times, whereas FISH involves separating DNA samples into fragments using restriction enzymes, then exposing the fragments to varying voltage levels from three different directionsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the main categories for identifying microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Radiologic
B)   Phenotypic
C)   Genotypic
D)   ImmunologicE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

An outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 was suspected to be associated with the petting zoo enclosure at the state fair. Epidemiologists with the CDC created a DNA fingerprint from the E. coli isolated from patients and compared it to bacterial isolates analyzed by national laboratories. They confirmed that the organism was indeed being transmitted by the animals at the fair. The CDC uses what method to generate these fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

A)   PFGE
B)   FISH
C)   Microarray
D)   HybridizationE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

The property of a test to detect only a certain antibody or antigen, and not to react with any others is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cross reaction
B)   agglutination
C)   precipitation
D)   specificity
E)   sensitivityF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Techniques that make use of probes that hybridize to specific sequences of a pathogen's genome include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   FISH and microarrays
B)   ELISA and FISH
C)   FISH and Western blot
D)   PFGE and ELISAE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

The three main techniques for identifying microorganisms from patient samples are specificity, sensitivity, and biochemical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)   Immunochromatography
B)   Western blot
C)   Immunelectrophoresis
D)   Radioimmunoassay (RI
A)  
E)   ELISAF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

The patient's CRP is markedly elevated. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   An elevated CRP is a highly sensitive urinary tract infection marker.
B)   An elevated CRP points to inflammation from any of a variety of sources.
C)   An elevated CRP is diagnostic of a fungal infection.
D)   An elevated CRP is diagnostic of a bacterial infection.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

MRI, CT and PET scans are useful diagnostic tools in cases where infection is located in deep tissues, thereby saving the patient from an invasive biopsy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Syphilis can be diagnosed most easily by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the Weil-Felix reaction
B)   direct fluorescence
C)   ELISA
D)   agglutination
E)   immunochromatographyF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

The patient's urine culture was collected using a clean-catch method. After inoculation and incubation, several organisms were identified in amounts that were reported as normal microbial flora. Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the findings?

Accepted Answer

A)   The patient is superinfected and needs immediate antimicrobial treatment.
B)   The specimen was contaminated and another clean-catch urine specimen needs to be cultured.
C)   The results point to an infection, but due to multiple organisms, further testing needs to be done to isolate the offending microbe.
D)   This is a common finding due to contamination of a clean-catch urine sample with normal microbiota from the urogenital area.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

A Western blot test will be performed. The nurse educates the patient that the Western blot test has high sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)   A positive Western blot test may be a false-positive since the test has high specificity and may detect the presence of many antibodies.
B)   The Western blot test is unlikely to generate a false-positive result. This will be used to confirm or refute the ELISA test results.
C)   A positive Western blot may be a false-positive since the test has high sensitivity and may detect the presence of many antibodies.
D)   The Western blot test may generate a false-positive result. A positive test will be confirmed by an HIV PCR.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Urine and fecal specimens require ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sterile collection conditions
B)   incubation in differential media
C)   incubation in selective media
D)   both sterile collection conditions and incubation in differential media
E)   both incubation in differential media and incubation in selective mediaF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

The value of whole genome sequencing is that it can separate larger strands of DNA by slowly applying alternating voltage levels from three different directions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mycology
B)   Hematology
C)   Serology
D)   Histology
E)   VirologyF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Specimen collection ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is always done by a medical professional
B)   must be done under sterile conditions
C)   must utilize aseptic techniques
D)   does not require special handling
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 19

Each of the following are appropriate specimens for bacterial culture except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   saliva
B)   skin
C)   spinal fluid
D)   hair
E)   throatF) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

The indirect ELISA test is used to diagnose all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   strep throat
B)   HIV
C)   hepatitis A and C
D)   Helicobacter
E)   RickettsiaF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Exam 15: Diagnosing Infections

The property of a test to detect only a certain antibody or antigen, and not to react with any others is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Techniques that make use of probes that hybridize to specific sequences of a pathogen's genome include ________.

Correct Answer
verified

A Western blot test will be performed. The nurse educates the patient that the Western blot test has high sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Correct Answer
verified

Specimen collection ________.

Correct Answer
verified

FISH and microarrays both use probes to hybridize to sequences of the pathogen genome. They differ in that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Microorganisms can be identified from a patient sample using biochemical tests based on the premise that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

Correct Answer
verified

The patient's CRP is markedly elevated. What does this indicate?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?

Correct Answer
verified

Syphilis can be diagnosed most easily by ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the following are appropriate specimens for bacterial culture except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The patient's urine culture was collected using a clean-catch method. After inoculation and incubation, several organisms were identified in amounts that were reported as normal microbial flora. Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the findings?

Correct Answer
verified

MRI, CT and PET scans are useful diagnostic tools in cases where infection is located in deep tissues, thereby saving the patient from an invasive biopsy.

Correct Answer
verified

Urine and fecal specimens require ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The value of whole genome sequencing is that it can separate larger strands of DNA by slowly applying alternating voltage levels from three different directions.

Correct Answer
verified

The indirect ELISA test is used to diagnose all of the following except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not one of the main categories for identifying microbes?

Correct Answer
verified

The three main techniques for identifying microorganisms from patient samples are specificity, sensitivity, and biochemical.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Diagnosing Infections

The property of a test to detect only a certain antibody or antigen, and not to react with any others is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Techniques that make use of probes that hybridize to specific sequences of a pathogen's genome include ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Western blot test will be performed. The nurse educates the patient that the Western blot test has high sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Specimen collection ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

FISH and microarrays both use probes to hybridize to sequences of the pathogen genome. They differ in that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microorganisms can be identified from a patient sample using biochemical tests based on the premise that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient's CRP is markedly elevated. What does this indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Syphilis can be diagnosed most easily by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following are appropriate specimens for bacterial culture except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient's urine culture was collected using a clean-catch method. After inoculation and incubation, several organisms were identified in amounts that were reported as normal microbial flora. Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the findings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MRI, CT and PET scans are useful diagnostic tools in cases where infection is located in deep tissues, thereby saving the patient from an invasive biopsy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine and fecal specimens require ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The value of whole genome sequencing is that it can separate larger strands of DNA by slowly applying alternating voltage levels from three different directions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The indirect ELISA test is used to diagnose all of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not one of the main categories for identifying microbes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three main techniques for identifying microorganisms from patient samples are specificity, sensitivity, and biochemical.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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