A) It identifies linkage disequilibrium between multiple crop types.
B) Single nucleotide polymorphisms are clearly defined in many plants used as crops.
C) STS can be isolated in more than one plant leading to better crop production.
D) It allows for useful genes in crops to be identified in multiple species of plants.
F) C) and D)
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A) Conservation of synteny will hinder our ability to find agriculturally important genes in plants.
B) Arabidopsis is being genetically modified as a crop plant.
C) Sequencing of the rice genome was important because it is related to many other cereal crop plants.
D) The genes in one crop plant type can help to identify useful genes in another crop.
F) B) and C)
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C, D
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A) The genomes of the mammalian relatives of humans are the best targets for discovering new treatments for human diseases.
B) Comparing the genomes of bacteria and host is likely to reveal good drug targets to eliminate the bacteria without harming the host.
C) A comparison of mouse and human genomes would help reveal functions for previously unidentified human genes.
D) A comparison of human and mouse genomes would help observe DNA sequences that evolved prior to the evolution of mammals.
F) C) and D)
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A) nonfunctioning introns.
B) inactivated exons.
C) templates.
D) transposons.
E) pseudogenes.
G) B) and D)
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A) introns.
B) microRNA genes.
C) tandem clusters.
D) transposons.
E) pseudogenes.
G) A) and D)
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A) To confirm the original genome sequence and verify that this strain matches.
B) To establish the course of infection, and determine whether the strain is altered by causing infection.
C) To gather possible information on its origin, and determine whether the strain has been genetically engineered.
D) To establish the SNPs necessary to confirm infection from this strain.
F) A) and C)
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A) ownership and privacy violations.
B) financial gain violations.
C) shareholder and privatization violations.
D) international treaty violations.
E) moral and ethical violations.
G) A) and D)
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A) Using STS sites to sequence the fragments by adding them into yeast.
B) Insert the fragment into a yeast artificial chromosome and put the recombinant vector into yeast cells.
C) Add yeast DNA to the fragment and then insert it into E. coli.
D) By using yeast origin of replication to insert fragment into yeast.
F) None of the above
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B, D
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A) Clusters of two or more distinct genes known as multigene families.
B) Transposons that move within or between chromosomes.
C) Single-copy genes that exist once on the genome.
D) Simple sequence repeats.
E) Tandem clusters used to increase levels of specific mRNAs.
G) A) and D)
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A) to genetic differences between species very directly, examining DNA changes and identifying unknown genes.
B) to build, from scratch, complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes using newly-sequenced genes.
C) to sequence genes and build, from scratch, simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes.
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdom abilities built into their DNA.
F) C) and D)
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A) proteomes.
B) spliceosomes.
C) nucleosomes.
D) genomes.
E) transcriptomes.
G) B) and D)
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A) Rubisco, a multisubunit protein, consists of a polypeptide encoded by nuclear genes and a polypeptide encoded by a chloroplast gene.
B) Identical single nucleotide polymorphisms are found in both organelle and nuclear genomes.
C) Some mitochondrial proteins are encoded by genes found in the nuclear genome and some mitochondrial proteins are encoded by genes found in the mitochondrial genome.
D) RNA subunits come from both organelle and nuclear genomes that make the accompanying subunit proteins.
F) C) and D)
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A) Some species share identical genomes where others are highly variable.
B) Over time divergence has occurred forming genetic differences, some bigger than others.
C) Species have become less diverse over time creating more mutations between species.
D) Reduction in divergence means a closer relationship between some species.
F) A) and B)
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A) come from the bacterial mitochondrial genome only.
B) originally came from the organelle and is now partially integrated in the nuclear genome.
C) is a repetitive DNA sequence shared by both organelle and nuclear DNA.
D) has the ability to use restriction enzymes to produce proteins in either organelle or nucleus.
F) All of the above
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A) introns can be spliced together in multiple ways making variable mRNA sequences.
B) splicing both introns and exons creates variable forms of mRNA.
C) alternative splicing add introns to exons in multiple ways forming more types of mRNA.
D) exons are alternatively spliced creating many more mRNAs than genes.
F) All of the above
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D
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A) each STS is found many times within the genome.
B) they provide a way to order DNA fragments.
C) they generate DNA fragments of a reasonable size for mapping.
D) they are only found in genes, not in noncoding DNA.
F) A) and D)
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A) Genes encoding chitin proteins that are shared by downy mildew and Sclerotinia, but absent in sunflower and humans.
B) Genes encoding growth proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and sunflower, but absent in humans.
C) Genes encoding metabolite proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and humans, but absent in sunflower.
D) Genes encoding basic development proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, sunflower, and humans.
F) C) and D)
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