A) There has been a shift from market-based economies to centrally planned economies.
B) There has been a shift away from a mixed economy.
C) Many states have restricted the sale of state-owned businesses to private investors.
D) The competition between economies has been reducing.
E) The extent to which property rights are protected has declined.
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Multiple Choice
A) less developed countries.
B) economically advanced countries.
C) totalitarian states.
D) countries with high inflation and falling living standards.
E) countries that lack intellectual property rights.
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) Increasing restrictions on direct investment by foreign enterprises and international trade
B) Privatizing state-owned enterprises
C) Exercising a high degree of state control over production and pricing
D) Abolishing laws related to the protection of property rights
E) Opposing democracy by adopting communism
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Multiple Choice
A) Privatization
B) Economic deregulation
C) Boundary spanning
D) Innovation
E) Benchmarking
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Multiple Choice
A) Anarchist state
B) Representative democracy
C) Planned economy
D) Communist state
E) Command economy
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True/False
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) clash of value systems and ideology between civilizations.
B) widespread acceptance of universal global civilization.
C) declining liberal democratic ideals.
D) differences in the factor endowments between countries.
E) geographical differences between nations.
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Multiple Choice
A) Mountainous states
B) Tropical regions
C) Military societies
D) Landlocked states
E) Coastal states
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Multiple Choice
A) closed totalitarian states.
B) primitive or undeveloped economies.
C) open democratic societies.
D) countries where local laws and regulations set strict standards with regard to product safety, safety in the workplace, and environmental pollution.
E) countries that lack well-established laws for regulating business practice.
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) has low inflation rates.
B) supports high living standards.
C) has only one ethnic nationality.
D) protects intellectual property.
E) faces frequent changes in government and government policy.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) Political risk is low in countries that contain more than one ethnic nationality.
B) Economic risks are independent of political risk.
C) One visible indicator of economic risk is the level of business and government debt in the country.
D) One visible indicator of legal risk tends to be a country's inflation rate.
E) Political risk tends to be low in those countries that have high inflation and falling living standards.
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Multiple Choice
A) a first-mover advantage.
B) forward integration.
C) unrelated differentiation.
D) lateral diversification.
E) technology transfer.
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Multiple Choice
A) an improvement in the operating efficiency of newly privatized firms.
B) reduced barriers to foreign direct investment and international trade.
C) an increase in the incentives to engage in economic activity.
D) deregulation and privatization of the economy.
E) the lack of incentive to engage in economic activity.
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True/False
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) PPP figures can be misleading because they don't consider differences in the cost of living.
B) The PPP for different countries is adjusted (up or down) depending upon whether the cost of living is lower or higher than in Great Britain.
C) The PPP data gives a static picture of economic development.
D) China's GNI PPP per capita is higher than that of the United States.
E) PPP adjustment does not allow for a direct comparison of living standards in different countries.
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