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What percentage of the mentally retarded fall into the classification of the profoundly mentally retarded?


A) About 1 percent
B) About 3.5 percent
C) About 6 percent
D) About 89 percent

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Briefly describe the three types of learning disabilities. Discuss the various treatment options. Do you think that educators treat learning disabilities appropriately? Provide reasons for your answer.

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Three types of learning disabilities are...

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Discuss height and weight changes that take place during middle and late childhood.

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During the elementary school years, chil...

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Which of the following statements represents the current thinking among increasing numbers of experts in the field of reading?


A) Direct instruction in the whole-language approach is a key aspect of learning to read.
B) Direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read.
C) The whole-language approach and the phonics approach are equally effective in teaching children to read.
D) The morphological approach has been shown to be the best way to teach reading.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT an effective memory strategy?


A) Encourage elaboration, or more extensive processing
B) Encourage the use of mental imagery
C) Encourage memorization rather than understanding of information
D) Repeat with variation often and link information early

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Is giftedness a product of heredity or environment? Give one example.

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It is likely that giftedness is a produc...

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The _____ approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning.


A) assisted-language
B) remedial-language
C) complex-language
D) whole-language

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Lillette, 9, has been diagnosed with _____, a cancer in which the bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out normal cells, making her susceptible to bruising and infection.


A) neuroblastoma
B) lymphosarcoma
C) leukemia
D) clear cell sarcoma

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Compared with novices, experts have:


A) better overall memory regardless of their area of expertise.
B) acquired extensive knowledge about a particular content area.
C) less experiences in their area of expertise.
D) higher levels of motivation.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Howard Gardner suggests that there are _____ types of intelligence.


A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 11

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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This is a disability in which individuals consistently show problems in one or more of these areas: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

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Attention ...

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Before she started school in the U.S., Mita, daughter of immigrant parents of Indian origin, used to speak only her home language of Hindi fluently. She then learned to speak English in school and attained fluency in both Hindi and English. However, as she grew older, she started to feel ashamed of her roots and has given up speaking Hindi altogether. This phenomenon is called:


A) subjective bilingualism.
B) relapsed bilingualism.
C) subtractive bilingualism.
D) retractive bilingualism.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Organic retardation is caused by:


A) a genetic disorder or brain damage.
B) being raised by poorly educated parents.
C) an impoverished intellectual environment.
D) traumatic experiences in early childhood.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.


A) whole-language
B) phonics
C) balanced-instruction
D) morphological

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Jacob is a third-grader and has a disability that has caused him to be separated from his peers during the school day. Recently Jacob has been moved to the regular third-grade classroom. Jacob has just experienced _____.


A) transformation
B) transition
C) seriation
D) inclusion

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of:


A) increased myelination of the central nervous system.
B) advances in the prefrontal cortex.
C) an increase in the neurotransmitter dopamine.
D) a simultaneous process where axons in the brain die off, while dendrites in the brain grow and branch out.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Children with cancer:


A) are rarer today than in the 1960s.
B) are dying earlier today than in the 1960s.
C) are surviving longer today than in the past.
D) are yet to receive the benefits of advancements in cancer treatment.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about IQ and intelligence is true?


A) Modifications in environment have no impact on one's IQ score.
B) Schooling has been shown to have no influence over intelligence.
C) IQ scores have been slowly decreasing around the world.
D) IQ scores have been rapidly increasing around the world.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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These theorists proposed the fuzzy trace theory in understanding the development of memory.

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Charles Br...

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The worldwide increase in intelligence scores that has occurred over a short period of time has been called the:


A) Binet effect.
B) Goleman effect.
C) Flynn effect.
D) Wechsler effect.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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