Question 1

A biologist discovers a new species of organism adapted to living in a deep underground cavern that provides no source of free water.The organism is eyeless and covered by fur,and it has a four chambered heart with a closed circulatory system.What excretory system adaptations to this extreme environment might the biologist expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  very long malpighian tubules
B)  very short malpighian tubules
C)  metanephridia with a large number of nephridiopores
D)  nephrons with long loops of Henle
E)  nephrons with short loops of HenleF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

When studying fluid and electrolyte loss during exercise,Robert Cade found that human sweat has sodium and chloride concentrations that are

Accepted Answer

A)  higher than those found in the blood.
B)  lower than those found in the blood.
C)  equal to those found in the blood.
D)  extremely variable from person to person relative to those found in the blooD.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The digestion and utilization of this material creates the greatest need for nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen
B)  amylose
C)  oleic acid
D)  glucose
E)  lactoseF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

In the United States,how many people suffer from kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  200,000
B)  2,000,000
C)  20,000,000
D)  200,000,000E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

What is the path of fluid as it is filtered from the blood and flows through the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule  →\rarr→   proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→   loop of Henle  →\rarr→  distal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→  collecting duct
B)  collecting duct →\rarr→  Bowman's capsule  →\rarr→   proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→   loop of Henle  →\rarr→   distal convoluted tubule
C)  Bowman's capsule  →\rarr→   loop of Henle  →\rarr→   proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→   distal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→  collecting duct
D)  Bowman's capsule →\rarr→   distal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→   loop of Henle  →\rarr→  proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→   collecting duct
E)  collecting duct →\rarr→   distal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→   loop of Henle  →\rarr→  proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→   Bowman's capsule F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

In the normal path of urine from the kidney to the bladder and out of the body,which structure,if blocked,would prevent urine from reaching any of the other structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct
B)  renal pelvis
C)  ureter
D)  urethra
E)  urethra  →\rarr→   collecting duct  →\rarr→   renal pelvis  →\rarr→   ureter  →\rarr→   urinary bladder F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 7

The blood supply to the loop of Henle also exhibits a countercurrent arrangement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory problems facing a freshwater fish are

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of water and loss of ions.
B)  loss of water and gain of ions.
C)  gain of water and loss of ions.
D)  gain of water and gain of ions.
E)  loss of urine and gain of ions.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Proper functioning of the human kidney requires considerable active transport of sodium in the kidney tubules.If these active transport mechanisms were to stop completely,how would urine production be affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  No urine would be produced.
B)  A lower-than-normal volume of urine which was less concentrated than the blood (hypotonic) would be produced.
C)  A lower-than-normal volume of urine which was more concentrated than the blood (hypertonic) would be produced.
D)  A greater-than-normal volume of urine equal in concentration to the blood (isotonic) would be produceD.
E)  A greater-than-normal volume of urine that was more concentrated than the blood (hypertonic) would be produced.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Humans cannot survive at sea by drinking salt water.However,marine vertebrates such as sea turtles and various sea birds can survive by drinking salt water.What do they have that humans do not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidneys that are extremely good at producing a concentrated urine
B)  Body fluid concentrations that are similar to or greater than those of seawater
C)  The ability to secrete salts and wastes into their intestinal contents like an insect
D)  Use of ammonia as their primary nitrogenous waste
E)  Specialized gill epitheliaF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

What is the correct rank order for relative amount of water (most to least) required for excretion of the primary nitrogenous wastes used by different animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia →\rarr→  urea  →\rarr→   uric acid
B)  uric acid  →\rarr→  ammonia  →\rarr→   urea
C)  urea  →\rarr→   uric acid →\rarr→   ammonia
D)  ammonia  →\rarr→   uric acid →\rarr→  urea
E)  urea  →\rarr→   ammonia  →\rarr→   uric acid F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Consider a tadpole becoming a toad.You would expect to find it changing its form of nitrogenous waste from

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia to ureA.
B)  urea,ammonia.
C)  uric acid,urea.
D)  urea,uric aciD.
E)  uric acid,ammonia.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

The filtration step in the formation of urine for animals sorts materials only by

Accepted Answer

A)  overall size with cells and proteins usually being kept out of the filtrate.
B)  whether they are charged or not.
C)  whether the substance in question is a waste product or not.
D)  whether they contain nitrogen or not.
E)  the hydration state of the body.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D) A

Question 14

An increase in the extracellular concentration of salts will cause body cells to

Accepted Answer

A)  lose water and shrink.
B)  lose water and swell.
C)  gain water and shrink.
D)  gain water and swell.
E)  metabolize water and heat up.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Select the pair in which the nitrogenous waste is INCORRECTLY matched with the benefit of its excretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea: low toxicity relative to ammonia
B)  uric acid: can be stored and excreted as a precipitate
C)  ammonia: very soluble in water
D)  uric acid: minimal loss of water when excreted
E)  urea: very insoluble in waterF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 16

What is the most toxic primary nitrogenous waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia
B)  uric acid
C)  urea
D)  urineE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

If you measured the urine concentration of a freshwater fish,you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 18

Predict what would happen if the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron lost its ability to reabsorb materials.

Accepted Answer

A)  The volume of the urine would increase dramatically.
B)  Nitrogenous wastes would accumulate dramatically in the blood.
C)  K+ ions,Na+ ions,and HCO3- ions would be lost unnecessarily.
D)  Glucose would lost unnecessarily.
E)  Glucose,K+ ions,Na+ ions,and HCO3- ions would be lost unnecessarily.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The total solute concentration of a solution of water and other substances (salts,proteins,etc. ) is referred to specifically as its

Accepted Answer

A)  osmolarity.
B)  tonicity.
C)  salinity.
D)  specific gravity.
E)  density.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above A

Question 20

If you measured the urine concentration of a saltwater fish,you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 38: Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Correct Answer
verified

When studying fluid and electrolyte loss during exercise,Robert Cade found that human sweat has sodium and chloride concentrations that are

Correct Answer
verified

The digestion and utilization of this material creates the greatest need for nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys.

Correct Answer
verified

In the United States,how many people suffer from kidney disease?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the path of fluid as it is filtered from the blood and flows through the nephron?

Correct Answer
verified

In the normal path of urine from the kidney to the bladder and out of the body,which structure,if blocked,would prevent urine from reaching any of the other structures?

Correct Answer
verified

The blood supply to the loop of Henle also exhibits a countercurrent arrangement.

Correct Answer
verified

The osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory problems facing a freshwater fish are

Correct Answer
verified

Proper functioning of the human kidney requires considerable active transport of sodium in the kidney tubules.If these active transport mechanisms were to stop completely,how would urine production be affected?

Correct Answer
verified

Humans cannot survive at sea by drinking salt water.However,marine vertebrates such as sea turtles and various sea birds can survive by drinking salt water.What do they have that humans do not?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the correct rank order for relative amount of water (most to least) required for excretion of the primary nitrogenous wastes used by different animals?

Correct Answer
verified

Consider a tadpole becoming a toad.You would expect to find it changing its form of nitrogenous waste from

Correct Answer
verified

The filtration step in the formation of urine for animals sorts materials only by

Correct Answer
verified
A

An increase in the extracellular concentration of salts will cause body cells to

Correct Answer
verified

Select the pair in which the nitrogenous waste is INCORRECTLY matched with the benefit of its excretion.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the most toxic primary nitrogenous waste?

Correct Answer
verified

If you measured the urine concentration of a freshwater fish,you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood.

Correct Answer
verified
False

Predict what would happen if the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron lost its ability to reabsorb materials.

Correct Answer
verified

The total solute concentration of a solution of water and other substances (salts,proteins,etc. ) is referred to specifically as its

Correct Answer
verified
A

If you measured the urine concentration of a saltwater fish,you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 38: Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When studying fluid and electrolyte loss during exercise,Robert Cade found that human sweat has sodium and chloride concentrations that are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The digestion and utilization of this material creates the greatest need for nitrogenous waste secretion by the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States,how many people suffer from kidney disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the path of fluid as it is filtered from the blood and flows through the nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the normal path of urine from the kidney to the bladder and out of the body,which structure,if blocked,would prevent urine from reaching any of the other structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blood supply to the loop of Henle also exhibits a countercurrent arrangement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory problems facing a freshwater fish are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proper functioning of the human kidney requires considerable active transport of sodium in the kidney tubules.If these active transport mechanisms were to stop completely,how would urine production be affected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans cannot survive at sea by drinking salt water.However,marine vertebrates such as sea turtles and various sea birds can survive by drinking salt water.What do they have that humans do not?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct rank order for relative amount of water (most to least) required for excretion of the primary nitrogenous wastes used by different animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider a tadpole becoming a toad.You would expect to find it changing its form of nitrogenous waste from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The filtration step in the formation of urine for animals sorts materials only by

Correct AnswerverifiedA

An increase in the extracellular concentration of salts will cause body cells to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the pair in which the nitrogenous waste is INCORRECTLY matched with the benefit of its excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most toxic primary nitrogenous waste?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you measured the urine concentration of a freshwater fish,you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Predict what would happen if the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron lost its ability to reabsorb materials.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The total solute concentration of a solution of water and other substances (salts,proteins,etc. ) is referred to specifically as its

Correct AnswerverifiedA

If you measured the urine concentration of a saltwater fish,you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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False

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A

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