A) marsh
B) tropical rainforest
C) temperate rainforest
D) prairies
E) tundras Tropical rainforests have high rates of rainfall and warm temperatures which provide many varied niches for organisms and much food for consumers.
G) A) and B)
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A) new growth in a forest after a forest fire
B) regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava
C) a wheat field that is not is allowed to grow wild
D) regrowth of vegetation in an area covered by a mud slide after flooding
E) colonization of an isolated island by a population of long-horned beetles
G) C) and D)
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A) Aquatic; marine
B) Aquatic; fresh water
C) Aquatic; coral reefs
D) Terrestrial; tundra
E) Terrestrial; rainforest
G) A) and B)
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A) vultures feeding on the remains of a carcass
B) herd of 60 elk, 6 bald eagles and 90 white pine trees
C) prairie chickens at a lake competing for access to mates
D) diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish
E) 100 kg of vegetation, 10 kg of grasshoppers, 1 kg of spiders
G) C) and D)
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A) Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food.
B) Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey.
C) A praying mantis hunting and eating a fly.
D) The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtains all of their nutrients from the host.
E) Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.
G) A) and E)
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A) aquatic plant - producer
B) crayfish - secondary consumer
C) duck - 4th trophic level
D) fish - tertiary consumer
E) small invertebrates - 2nd trophic level
G) D) and E)
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A) rose bush
B) lion
C) decomposer
D) omnivore
E) hyena
G) D) and E)
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A) skunk
B) owl
C) rabbit
D) insects
E) deer
G) B) and E)
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A) fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals
B) nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi
C) animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms
D) angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms
E) gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plants
G) A) and C)
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A) temperate grasslands
B) tundra
C) savannah
D) tropical rainforest
E) coral reef In the tundra, much of the water is frozen so it is unavailable to plants.
G) B) and E)
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A) estuaries.
B) coral reefs.
C) open oceans.
D) lakes.
E) swamps. Aquatic systems are limited by the amount of inorganic matter. Thus the aquatic system with the least amount of inorganic matter is the one that has the lowest primary productivity, which is open oceans.
G) A) and C)
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A) nitrification
B) decomposition
C) denitrification
D) nitrogen-fixing
E) nitrogen incorporation When nitrogen gas is transformed into ammonium, this is known as nitrogen fixing or nitrogen fixation.
G) A) and B)
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B) False
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A) The seeds of large plants were never dispersed into these regions.
B) The amount of sunlight is not great enough for large plants to survive.
C) The amount of rainfall is not enough for large plants to survive.
D) The other species of plants have out competed them for resources.
E) The permafrost persists, even during the summer. Permafrost is a layer of permanently frozen ground found within the tundra. Even during the summer months and the short growing season this layer of ground will remain frozen. It is the frozen ground that is the greatest limiting factor for the growth of large plants. They cannot establish a root system deep enough into the ground to support them.
G) C) and E)
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A) a change in communities caused by human activities.
B) a stable community that forms after a change.
C) an orderly process of change in the community of organisms.
D) what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted.
E) competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species.
G) B) and D)
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A) the air that the organism breaths in.
B) dead and decaying plant matter.
C) fossil fuels.
D) photosynthesis.
E) carbon fixation. When plants photosynthesize, they take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and build organic molecules such as glucose. When an animal eats either plants or animals, the carbohydrates are broken down and carbon dioxide is released as a waste product. These carbohydrates were originally produced via photosynthesis by producers.
G) B) and E)
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